Rosacea causes more than a red face. There are many signs (what you can see) and symptoms (what a person feels) of rosacea.

Because rosacea has so many signs and symptoms, scientists created 4 subtypes of rosacea. Some people have more than one rosacea subtype at the same time. Each subtype requires different treatment.

Subtype 1: Facial redness, flushing, visible blood vessels

Signs and symptoms:

• Flushing and redness in the center of the face.
• Visible broken blood vessels (spider veins).
• Swollen skin.
• Skin may be very sensitive.
• Skin may sting and burn.
• Dry skin, roughness or scaling.
• Have a tendency to flush or blush more easily than other people.

Subtype 2: Acne-like breakouts

Signs and symptoms:

• Acne-like breakouts, usually where the skin is very red.
• Acne-like breakouts tend to come and go.
• Oily skin.
• Skin may be very sensitive.
• Skin may burn and sting.
• Visible broken blood vessels (spider veins).
• Raised patches of skin called plaques  

Subtype 3: Thickening skin

Signs and symptoms:

Although rare, rosacea can cause the skin to thicken and have a bumpy texture. When this happens, it is called rhinophyma.
This subtype is rare. When it does occur, the person often has signs and symptoms of another subtype of rosacea first. The signs of this subtype are:

• Bumpy texture to the skin.
• Skin begins to thicken, especially common on the nose. When the skin thickens on the nose, it is called rhinophyma (rye-NO-fie-ma).
• Skin may thicken on the chin, forehead, cheeks, and ears.
• Visible broken blood vessels appear.
• Pores look large.
• Oily skin.

Subtype 4: In the eyes

When rosacea affects the eye, it is called ocular rosacea. If rosacea affects your eye, you may need to see an ophthalmologist (doctor who specializes in treating eye diseases).
Some people get rosacea in their eyes.

The eyes may have one or more of the following:

• Watery or bloodshot appearance.
• Feel gritty, often feels like sand in the eyes.
• Eyes burn or sting.
• Eyes are very dry.
• Eyes itch.
• Eyes sensitive to light.
• Blurry vision.
• Visible broken blood vessels on an eyelid.
• Cyst on the eyelid.
• Person cannot see as well as before.

Rosacea can affect quality of life

Rosacea can affect more than the skin and eyes. Because rosacea is a chronic (long-lasting) skin disease, it can reduce a person’s quality of life. Many people report problems at work, in their marriage, and with meeting new people.

Surveys and studies report that living with rosacea can cause:

• Feelings of frustration and embarrassment: In surveys conducted by the National Rosacea Society, 41 percent said their rosacea caused them to avoid public contact or cancel social engagements.
• Worry: People worry that their rosacea will get worse or cause scars. People worry about side effects from medicine used to treat rosacea.
• Low self-esteem: Surveys conducted by the National Rosacea Society found that almost 70 percent of people living with rosacea said that the condition lowered their self-confidence and self-esteem.
• Work-related problems: Surveys conducted by the National Rosacea Society find that when rosacea is severe, 70 percent of people say the disease affects their interactions at work. Nearly 30 percent say that rosacea causes them to miss work.
• Anxiety and depression: Living with a skin condition that flares unexpectedly can cause people to believe you have a drinking problem. This can cause anxiety and depression.

Treatment seems to improve a person’s quality of life. Studies show that when people have fewer signs and symptoms of rosacea, their quality of life improves.

Scientists are still trying to find out what causes rosacea.

By studying rosacea, scientists have found some important clues:

• Rosacea runs in families. Many people who get rosacea have family members who have rosacea. It is possible that people inherit genes for rosacea.
• The immune system may play a role. Scientists found that most people with acne-like rosacea react to a bacterium (singular for bacteria) called bacillus oleronius. This reaction causes their immune system to overreact. Scientists still do not know whether this can cause rosacea.
• A bug that causes infections in the intestines may play a role. This bug, H pylori, is common in people who have rosacea. Scientists cannot prove that H pylori can cause rosacea. Many people who do not have rosacea have an H pylori
• A mite that lives on everyone’s skin, demodex, may play a role. This mite likes to live on the nose and cheeks, and this is where rosacea often appears. Many studies found that people with rosacea have large numbers of this mite on their skin. The problem is some people who do not have rosacea also have large numbers of this mite on their skin.
• A protein that normally protects the skin from infection, cathelicidin, may cause the redness and swelling. How the body processes this protein may determine whether a person gets rosacea.

Rosacea is common. According to the U.S. government, more than 14 million people are living with rosacea.

Most people who get rosacea are:

• Between 30 and 50 years of age.
• Fair-skinned, and often have blonde hair and blue eyes.
• From Celtic or Scandinavian ancestry.
• Likely to have someone in their family tree with rosacea or severe acne.
• Likely to have had lots of acne — or acne cysts and/or nodules.

Women are a bit more likely than men to get rosacea. Women, however, are not as likely as men to get severe rosacea. Some people are more likely to get rosacea, but anyone can get this skin disease. People of all colors get rosacea. Children get rosacea.

To give you the best results, treatment often begins with a bit of education. While medicine or laser treatment can help reduce or clear signs of rosacea, your everyday habits may cause a new flare-up.

Learning how to find your triggers and protect your skin from the sun can help reduce flare-ups

Find your triggers. Many things you do can cause rosacea to flare. Dermatologists call these tripwires “triggers.”Common triggers for rosacea include becoming overheated, having cold wind blowing on your face, and eating spicy foods. These may — or may not — cause your rosacea to flare. People have different triggers. It’s important to find out what causes your rosacea to flare and avoid those triggers.

Think sun protection 24/7. People who have rosacea often find that their skin is quite sensitive to the sun.

To protect your skin from the sun, you’ll want to:

• Apply a broad-spectrum sunscreen with an SPF 30 (or higher) every day before you head outdoors.
• Avoid the midday sun.
• Seek shade when outdoors.
• Slip on a wide-brimmed hat when outdoors to protect your face and neck from the sun.
• Wear sun-protective clothing and sunglasses.

If sunscreen irritates your skin, try using one that contains only titanium oxide and zinc oxide.

Practice rosacea friendly skincare

Many skincare products can irritate skin with rosacea. Some skincare habits, such as scrubbing your skin clean, can cause rosacea to flare. Using mild skincare products and being gentle with your skin can help prevent flare-ups. If you have trouble finding mild skincare products, ask your dermatologist for recommendations.

The rest of your treatment plan will be tailored to treating your rosacea.